
Water and Sanitation


What's Inside
KEY TRENDS
• According to NSS 76th Round, the major source of drinking water of the household was hand pump in the rural areas and piped water into dwelling in the urban areas. About 42.9 percent of the households in the rural areas used hand pump as the principal source of drinking water and about 40.9 percent of the households in the urban areas used piped water into dwelling as the principal source of drinking water *12
• As of December 2017, only 44 percent of rural habitations and 85 percent of Government schools and anganwadis could be provided access to safe drinking water, only 18 percent of rural population were provided potable drinking water by piped water supply and only 17 percent of rural households were provided household connections. The overall coverage of rural habitations increased only by 8 percent at 40 litre per capita per day (lpcd) and 5.5 percent at 55 lpcd after incurring expenditure of Rs. 81,168 crore during the period 2012-17 *11
• As on 24th May, 2018, nearly 60.83 percent of total villages (viz. 6,02,912) in the country were ODF. The proportion of villages, which were found to be ODF, is the lowest in Goa and Lakshadweep (both zero percent), followed by Tripura (2.21 percent), Bihar (12.15 percent), Odisha (20.42 percent) and Uttar Pradesh (24.65 percent) *10
• Out of the 3,788 villages surveyed by NSSO, 13.1 percent villages in India were found to have community toilets. Out of the sample villages, at the national level, 1.7 percent villages were found to be having the community toilets but not using them. 82.1 percent of all the community toilets available in the villages were being used for defecation or washing purpose *9
12. NSS Report No. 584: Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India, NSS 76th Round, July 2018 to December 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019), please click here to access
11. CAG's Report No.15 of 2018 - Performance Audit on National Rural Drinking Water Programme in the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, please click here to access
10. 51st Report of Standing Committee on Rural Development related to the status of Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin in various states (published in July, 2018), please click here to access
9. Swachhta Status Report 2016, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, (please click here to access)
8. Economic Survey 2015-16, Ministry of Finance (Volume 1 , Volume 2)
7. Progress on drinking water and sanitation, Joint Monitoring Programme update 2014 (released in May 2014), please click here to download 6. Key Indicators of Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in India, NSS 69th round, July 2012 to December 2012 (click here to read more)
5. WHO/ UNICEF Joint monitoring report 2012: Progress on drinking water and sanitation, please click here to access
4. Off-track, off-target-Why investment in water, sanitation and hygiene is not reaching those who need it most (2011), Water Aid, please click here to access
3. Providing Safe Water: Evidence from Randomized Evaluations by Amrita Ahuja, Michael Kremer and Alix Peterson Zwane, April, 2010
2. Housing Condition and Amenities in India, 2008-09, National Sample Survey
1. 11th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission, Government of India |
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