Education

What’s Inside

Locked Out: Emergency Report on School Education (released on 6th September, 2021)
Rapid assessment of learning during school closures in the context of COVID-19 (released in May, 2021)
Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2019-20 for States and Union Territories (released in June, 2021)
COVID-19 and School Closures: One Year of Education Disruption (released in March, 2021)
ASER 2020 Wave-1 for rural areas (released in October, 2020)
Broken Slates and Blank Screens: Education Under Lockdown (released in September 2020)
Parliamentary Standing Committee report on Demands for Grants 2020-21 (Demand No. 58) of the Department of School Education & Literacy (presented to the Rajya Sabha on 5th March, 2020)
ASER 2019 'Early Years' (released in January 2020)
Draft National Education Policy 2019
NSS 75th Round Report: Key Indicators of Household Social Consumption on Education in India, July 2017 to June 2018 (released on 23rd November 2019)

Progress in Elementary Education since 1999

Source: RGI; SES, MHRD

Growth of Educational Institutions since 1999

Source: SES, MHRD

From the table below, one can decipher that although enrolment of both boys and girls has increased in between 1999-2000 and 2004-2005, yet there exist gender disparities in enrolment.

Sex-wise Enrolment by Stages, 1999-2000 to 2003-04

Source: SES, MHRD *Provisional

Seminar Report "Right to Education – Actions Now" 19 December 2007, New Delhi by Confederation of Indian Industry show:

According to the VII Educational Survey (2002), the number of habitations, which had a primary school within a distance of 1 km was 10.71 lakh (87%); the uncovered habitations numbered 1.6lakh.

Access facilities in the upper primary schooling is, however, still an issue as, only 78% of the habitations had such facilities within a radius of 3 Km. In 2002-03. This catered to the need of 86% of the rural population. Nearly, 88,930 new upper primary schools have been opened since 2002-03. However, a gap still remains.

In Madhya Pradesh, only one third of the teachers attend school, in UP, the figure is 20% and in Bihar 25%.

There is a need of more upper primary schools. At the national level, there was one upper primary school for 2.8 primary schools in 2004-05. In 2005-06 this ratio of number of primary to upper primary schools was 2.5:1. To bring the ratio of primary: upper primary school to 2:1 (SSA norm), the additional need for upper primary schools works out to 1,40,000.”

The Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) has recruited 7.95 lakh teachers to improve the pupil-teacher ratio from 44:1 to 40:1 at the primary level in addition to providing annual in-service training, free distribution of textbooks to the tune of Rs 6.9 crores.

The dropout rates were 15% in 2002-03, which reduced to 13% in 2003-04 and further reduced to 12% in 2004-2005. Although the trend is encouraging, concerted efforts would be needed to ensure further reduction.

In absolute terms, a substantial increase in the number of teachers has been registered since 1999-2000. At the primary stage, there were 19.2 lakh teachers in 1999-2000. This increased to 20.9 lakh in 2003-04. With respect to the upper primary stage, this increased from 12.98 lakh to 16.02 lakh

The government has set up institutions like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan (SSA), District Primary Education programme (DPEP), National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE), the Mid Day Meal Scheme (MDMS) and the Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya Scheme (KGBVS).

According to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics:

40% of children are enrolled in pre-primary school

87% of girls and 90% of boys are in primary school

12% of the population of tertiary age are in tertiary education

86% of children complete a full course of primary

10.7% of government spending goes to education

65.2% of adults and 81.3% of youth are literate

Education at a glance

Youth (15–24 years) literacy rate, 2000–2007*, male 87
Youth (15–24 years) literacy rate, 2000–2007*, female 77
Number per 100 population, 2006, phones 15
Number per 100 population, 2006, Internet users 11
Primary school enrolment ratio 2000–2007*, gross, male 90
Primary school enrolment ratio 2000–2007*, gross, female 87
Primary school attendance ratio 2000–2007*, net, male 85
Primary school attendance ratio 2000–2007*, net, female 81
Secondary school enrolment ratio 2000–2007*, gross, male 59
Secondary school enrolment ratio 2000–2007*, gross, female 49
Secondary school attendance ratio 2000–2007*, net, male 59
Secondary school attendance ratio 2000–2007*, net, female 49
Note: Enrolment ratio means total enrolment in a specific level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the eligible official school-age population corresponding to the same level of education in a given school year. For the tertiary level, the population used is that of the five-year age group following on from the secondary school leaving

Source: UNICEF, http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/india_statistics.html

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